Below are the core Azure Architecture components for Azure cloud Computing.Basically Azure architecture focus on the physical infrastructure, how resources are managed, and have a chance to create an Azure resource.

• Azure's architecture ensures high availability, scalability, and efficient resource management

• Core Azure architectural components include Azure regions, Azure Availability Zones, resource groups, and the Azure Resource Manager.

• A deeper dive into Azure Resource Manager, Availability Zones, regions, resource groups, and other Azure architectural components.

A. AZURE REGION:

An Azure region is a set of datacenters that are geographically spread in different parts of the globe. Currently there are 42 regions scattered around the world with plans to grow into other parts of the world. These datacenters are deployed within a defined latency-defined perimeters.An Azure region refers to an area within a geography that contains one or more Azure data centers.

B.AZURE AVAILABILITY ZONES:

Azure availability zones are those datacenters within an Azure region for failover and back up. There are multiple availability zones in a given Azure region. Each Availability Zone is a unique physical location within an Azure region, and each zone is supported by one or more data centers, equipped with their own independent power, cooling, and networking infrastructure. Applications and data are protected in each availability zone because they are physically separated from one another and secured, this helps to achieve data resiliency.

C. RESOURCE GROUPS IN AZURE:

These are logical container that hold azure resources that are part of a larger Azure solution. These resource groups can host all resources that comprise an overall Azure solution, or they can also host just the resources that need to be managed as part of a group. The administrator gets to decide, based on needs, how to allocate resources in resource groups within Azure.

It is important to note that since all resources within a single resource group usually share a similar lifecycle, it’s important to determine the lifecycle of the resources you plan to place in a single resource group. However, if the database server hosts databases for other applications, its lifecycle is likely different from the web app. That said, the database server might belong in a different resource group with resources that share its lifecycle. Resources can be moved from a resource group if necessary from different regions. Resource groups are often used to manage access controls to resources and better manage billing and resource management.

D. AZURE RESOURCE MANAGER:

Azure Resource Manager is the deployment and management service for Azure. It provides a management layer that enables you to create, update, and delete resources in your Azure account. You use management features, locks, and tag resources, to secure and organize and effectively bill your resources after deployment. You can also use Resource Manager to apply access controls to resources within a resource group because Role-Based Access Control (or RBAC) is natively integrated into the Azure platform.

SUMMARY:

Core Azure architectural components such as regions, resource groups, and Availability Zones serve as the underlying building blocks for any Azure solution that gets deployed.

Azure Resource Manager is used to manage these building blocks and the solutions that are built upon them.
While Azure regions dictate where Azure resources are deployed, Availability Zones are used to provide redundancy for those resources that are deployed. Resource groups are used to group and manage related Azure resources that have been deployed to support an overall solution.