Proliferation
The proliferation phase, occurring over several weeks, focuses on tissue formation and wound closure. This phase involves several critical processes: angiogenesis, fibroplasia, epithelialization, and contraction.

Angiogenesis: New blood vessels form from pre-existing ones to restore oxygen and nutrient supply to the healing tissue. This process is driven by growth factors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

Fibroplasia: Fibroblasts migrate to the wound site and synthesize collagen and extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Collagen provides structural support and strength to the newly formed tissue.

Epithelialization: Keratinocytes from the wound edges proliferate and migrate across the wound bed, covering the new tissue and restoring the skin barrier.

Contraction: Myofibroblasts, specialized fibroblasts, contract the wound edges, reducing the wound size and bringing the tissues closer together.

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